Important Short Viva Question With Answer on CONNECTIONS - BOLTED & WELDED
1. Which are the advantages and disadvantages of steel structures?
Ans.:- These are the some of the advantages and drawbacks of steel structures;
Advantages:
1) Have Ability to resist high loads
2) Due to its high density, steel is completely non-porous Durability
3) It is Easy to disassembling or replacing some steel members of a structure.
Drawbacks:
1) Corrosion
2) At high temperature steel loses most of its strength, leading to deformation or failure
2. What do you mean by Girder?
Ans.:- Girder means a major beam frequently at wide spacing that supports small beams.
3. What do you meant by joists?
Ans.:- Joist is a closely spaced beam supporting the floors and roofs of buildings
4. What do you mean by Purlins?
Ans.:- It is a roof beam usually supported by trusses
5. What do you meant by Rafters?
Ans.:- Rafter is a roof beam usually supported by purlins
6. What do you meant by Lintel (Lintel beams)?
Ans.:- It is a beam over window or door openings that support the wall above.
7. What is Girts?
Ans.:- It is horizontal wall beams used to support wall covering on the side of an industrial building
8. What is meant by Spandrel beam?
Ans.:- It is beam around the outside perimeter of a floor that support the exterior walls and the outside edge of the floor
9. Name the different major types of connections?
Ans.:- Riveted connections,
Welded connections
Bolted connections
Pinned connections
10.Name the common types of bolted connections?
Ans.:- Lap Joint - single bolted and double bolted
Butt joint - single cover and double cover
11.What is meant by bolt value?
Ans.:- The least of the strengths in shearing and bearing is the bolt value
12. What is meant by gauge distance?
Ans.:- The perpendicular distance between two gauge lines, is called gauge distance
13.Name the different modes of failure of a bolted joint?
Ans.:- Tearing failure of the plate
Shear failure of the plate
Shear failure of the bolt
Bearing failure of the bolt
Splitting failure of plate
14.What are the factors that govern will govern the structural design?
Ans:-Foundation movements
Elastic axial shortening
Soil and fluid pressures
Vibration
Fatigue
Impact (dynamic effects), Erection loads
15.What are the load combinations for the design purposes?
Ans.:- As per IS code these are the load combinations;
Dead load + Imposed Load (Live load)
Dead Load + Imposed Load + Wind Load or earthquake load
Dead Load + Wind Load or Earthquake load
16. Can you list out which are the steps involved in structural design?
Ans.:- Forces or loads
Structural arrangement and material selection
Analyzing internal stresses
Proportioning of members
17. Which type of steel is most commonly used in general construction? Why?
Ans.:- Mild Steel is most commonly used in general construction because of its durability and malleability
18. What are Black bolts? Where are they used?
Ans.:- Black bolts made from M.S shank left unfinished - remain loose in holes resulting in large deflections. It is used during erection and for temporary structures
19. How the rolled steel beams are classified?
Ans.:- 1) Indian Standard junior beams (ISLB)
2) Indian Standard light beams (ISLB)
3) Indian Standard medium weight beams (ISMB)
4) Indian Standard wide flange beams (ISWB)
20. Define permissible stresses and Working stresses.
Ans.:-
Permissible stresses = yield stress /factor of safety
Working stresses: The stresses used in practical design are working stresses and they should not exceed the permissible stresses specified by codes.
21. Explain ISLB 250?
Ans.:- ISLB 250 means Indian Standard light gauge beams of depth 250mm
22. Name the types of beam connections?
Ans.:- Framed connections
Seated connections - Stiffened connections and Unstiffened connections
23. What is meant by framed connections?
Ans.:- A framed connection is the one when a beam is connected to girder or a stanchion by means of two angles placed on the two sides of the web of the beam
24. When the seated beam connections are preferred and name the types?
Ans.:- When a beam is connected to the flange (or the web) of a steel stanchion, the width of the flange (or the depth of the web) may be insufficient to accommodate the connecting angles,so in such cases framed connection is not suitable and seated connection is preferred.
25. What is unstiffened seat connection?
Ans.:- The seated connection is a horizontal angle with its horizontal leg at its top is used to receive the beam on it, in such a case it is called unstiffened seat connection
26. What is stiffened seat connection?
Ans.:- In addition to the seat angle, a web cleat is provided when the beam is connected to a beam and a flange, cleat is used when the beam is connected to a stanchion. The angle cleats are essential because they keep the beam stable in a vertical position and prevent it from lateral buckling
27. What is meant by throat thickness?
Ans.:- It is the perpendicular distance from the root to the hypotenuse of the largest isosceles right-angled triangle that can be engraved within the weld cross-section.
Throat thickness = 0.7 x size of the weld
28. What is plug weld and slot weld?
Ans.:- Slot weld is one of the type of weld used to join the two touching adjacent components by a fillet weld round the periphery of a slot in one component so as to join it the surface of other component.
Plug weld is made by filling in a hole in one part with filler metal so as to join it to the other adjacent part exposed through a hole.
29. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of welded connections?
Ans.:- Advantages:
Economy
Rigidity
Aesthetic effect
Versatility
Disadvantages:
Requires skilled labour
Joints are over rigid
Difficult to inspect
30. State the common defects in welding?
Ans.:- Incomplete fusion
Incomplete penetration
Porosity
Slag inclusions
Cracks
Under cutting
31. Name the types of boltes?
Ans.:- These are the common types of bolts;
1) Ordinary OR unfinished OR black bolts
2) Turned and fitted bolts
3) High strength bolts
32.Write the advantages of high strength bolts?
Ans.:- Advantages;
1) As there is no slip between the plates, the joint is rigid
2) Alternating loads cause little variation of the stresses in the bolts; hence fatigue strength is also high.
3)No shearing or bearing stresses occur in bolts.
4) High strength of the joint due to high frictional resistance is obtained.
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